Gender Testing is Passé
A woman will not have to prove she is a woman to compete in
the Sydney Olympic Games this summer. Responding to the growing number of concerns, the
IOC finally decided to take action. On June 17, 1999 the IOC Session agreed "to
refrain, on an experimental basis, from performing gender tests at the 2000 Games in
Sydney. The IOC will nonetheless reserve the right to conduct such tests, if
necessary." This ruling means that, unless there are strong doubts concerning the
gender of a woman, gender testing will not be conducted in Sydney.
What is gender testing exactly? Gender verification is
performed by submitting athletes to the sex chromotin test. This test, more commonly
called the buccal smear, relies on the fact that most female cells contain two X
chromosomes and that most male cells contain one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. To
establish the gender of a female athlete, a cell sample is taken from inside the cheek.
The cells are then analyzed under a microscope. If the two X chromosomes are present the
athlete has official confirmation of her gender.
But what this test does not take into account is the fact
that some women may have chromosomal variations (they don’t have the standard XX in
their cells). These variations would cause a woman to fail a gender test. At the Atlanta
Olympic Games, apparently 1 in 400 females failed the gender test, but with further
testing were "reinstated" as females.
Many problems have surfaced with the test’s
consistency, accuracy and dependability. Inaccurate results can have severe psychological
impacts on a woman who learns her gender is in doubt. Therefore, since gender verification
is far from being a precise and reliable process, and the possibility of a man
impersonating a woman is very slim, it is a wise decision by the IOC to drop this
antiquated test.
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